Spain's population has fallen for the first time - because of the eurozone crisis.
The number of residents fell by 206,000 to 47.1million, the National Statistics Institute said, a figure entirely accounted for by foreign residents.
It was the first time a population drop had been recorded in official statistics since records began in 1857 - although until 1998 figures were published roughly every decade, rather than annually.
Jobless: People wait outside an unemployment office in Madrid. Spain's population has fallen for the first time
Spain and the rest of Southern Europe are suffering twin economic and fiscal crises.
During a long economic boom that ended abruptly in 2008, Spanish-speaking immigrants from Ecuador, Colombia and Bolivia flocked to Spain to work in construction.
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Between 2000 and 2010, the immigrant population swelled from 924,000 to 5.7million.
But building has come to a standstill since a housing bubble burst, and a government spending squeeze to try to meet strict deficit cutting targets imposed by Brussels has further strained the economy.
As the unemployment rate has soared to 26 per cent, many immigrants have returned home.
Rise and fall: This graph of the population of foreigners in Spain over the last ten years shows that between 2004 and 2010, the immigrant population swelled to 5.7million
The biggest fall in registered foreign residents was among South Americans, especially Ecuadoreans and Colombians, the statistics agency said.
'There was extraordinary growth (in immigrants) from 2000 to 2009, which is reversing quickly due to the economic crisis. Spain is less attractive because there are no jobs'
Albert Esteve, Barcelona Centre for Demographic Studies
'There was extraordinary growth (in immigrants) from 2000 to 2009, which is reversing quickly due to the economic crisis,' demographer Albert Esteve of the Barcelona Centre for Demographic Studies told Spain National Radio. 'Spain is less attractive because there are no jobs.'
Spain’s two largest groups of immigrants, Romanians and Moroccans, both shrank last year.
Not only are immigrants returning home; many Spaniards are also leaving to look for work abroad. The youth unemployment rate is higher than 50 per cent.
The population of native Spaniards grew last year by 10,000, a smaller increase than in recent years, only minimally offsetting a fell of 216,000 in the number of registered foreigners.